Oral Mucosa as a Reservoir of Human Papillomavirus: Point Prevalence,Genotype Distribution,and Incident Infections Among Males in a 7-year Prospective Study

Background

In addition to the anogenital malignancies, human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to oropharyngeal cancer as an important risk factor in both men and women. Knowledge of oral HPV infection among males is needed to elucidate the transmission routes and potential for prevention.

Objective

To assess the prevalence, genotype distribution, and incidence of oral HPV infections among healthy Finnish men followed for 7 yr.

Design, setting, and participants

Oral scrapings for HPV testing were taken from 131 fathers-to-be (mean age: 28.9 yr) at baseline and at 2-mo, 6-mo, 12-mo, 24-mo, 36-mo, and 7-yr follow-up visits to detect prevalent and incident HPV infections. Purified DNA extracted from scrapings was used for HPV genotyping, with the Multimetrix kit (Progen Biotechnik, Heidelberg, Germany) detecting 24 genotypes.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis

Point prevalence, genotype distribution, and incident rates of oral HPV infections. Demographic data were collected using structured questionnaires, and covariates of incident oral HPV infections were analysed using uni- and multivariate Poisson regression (for panel data).

Results and limitations

The point prevalence of oral HPV infection fluctuated from 15.1% to 31.1% during the follow-up period. In total, 17 different HPV genotypes were found. At baseline, the single most frequent genotype among the HPV-positive samples was HPV16 (33.3%; 8 of 24), followed by HPV33 (12.5%) and HPV82 (12.5%). Multiple-type infections comprised 16.7% (4 of 24), HPV16 being involved in all combinations. For baseline-negative men, the mean time to the first incident infection ranged from 3.9 mo (HPV82) to 25.7 mo (HPV56). None of the demographic factors was a significant independent predictor of incident oral HPV infections in multivariate models.

Conclusions

Detection of oral HPV DNA carriage in men is common, HPV16 being the most prevalent genotype. Oral mucosa may play a significant role in HPV transmission.     

2008年福建省手足口病疫情分析

[目的]了解2008年福建省手足口病疫情分布特点。[方法]从国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统中导出2008年福建省的手足口病个案库,用SPSS软件包统计分析。[结果]全省共报告11740例,发病率为32．5／10万（男41．7／10万,女23．4／10万）。4岁及以下的幼儿占病例总数的92．3％。共报告重症43例,死亡6例。[结论]2008年福建省手足口病发病以幼儿为主,应采取相关防控措施,以保护儿童健康。     

Oral mutans streptococci levels following use of a xylitol mouth rinse: a double‐blind,randomized, controlled clinical trial

Xylitol‐sweetened chewing gum has cariostatic properties, but is not suitable for all patients. This study evaluated the effect of xylitol rinse on mutans streptococci (MS) levels in the mouth. One hundred and five subjects with high salivary MS levels were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Subjects in the positive control group (N = 35) chewed two xylitol gum pellets for at least 5 minutes three times daily (xylitol dose: 4.3g/day). The experimental group (N = 36) rinsed with 20 mL of an aqueous solution of xylitol twice daily for 60 seconds (dose: 4.4g/day). The negative control group (N = 34) used neither product. No attempt was made to change the subjects’ diet. Mean MS levels at baseline were 5.6 (0.1) in positive control, 5.4 (0.1) in experimental, and 5.5 (0.1) in negative control groups. After 3 months, MS levels were 4.4 (0.2), 4.4 (0.2), and 4.9 (0.2), respectively. Differences between groups were not significant by ANOVA (p = .2); however, MS levels tended to be lower in the experimental and positive control groups. Xylitol rinse and chewing gum caused a similar but statistically insignificant reduction in MS levels in the mouth.     

Delayed histological changes in cutaneous portion of pectoralis major flaps employed in upper aero-digestive tract reconstruction

Our aim was to determine whether histological changes occur in the cutaneous portion of pectoralis major flaps employed for upper aero-digestive tract reconstruction and, if present, to characterize these changes and try to infer their cause. Seven patients submitted to repair of aero-digestive tract defects secondary to cancer resection with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap were included in this study. All patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Biopsies were taken from: the cutaneous portion of the flap; buccal mucosa; irradiated neck skin and chest skin opposite the donor site. Histological changes toward a “mucosalization” occur in the cutaneous portion of the pectoralis major flaps, characterized by disappearance of the horny layer or a reduction of its thickness and a decrease of the amount of cutaneous appendages. These changes are probably a result of continuous exposure to the intraoral environment in association with radiotherapy effects and may represent an advantageous adaptation for the patient.     

胸大肌肌皮瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损的并发症──168例临床分析

目的：回顾分析胸大肌肌皮瓣修复口腔缺损的并发症，明确并发症发生有关的因素，探讨减少其发生的措施。方法：对1990～1996年间所行168例应用带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损的病人临床资料进行多元素回归分析。168例患者中，男性120例，女性48例，年龄26～79岁。结果：168例皮瓣中，25例出现不同程度坏死（14．9％）；22例发生瘘管（13．1％）；伤口感染39例（23．2％）。与并发症有关的因素有多种，并发症使住院日明显延长。结论：作者认为切取肌皮瓣时，应避免过偏远，中大面积缺损应配合邻近或游离皮瓣修复。     

持续腹腔冲洗治疗胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘致腹腔出血的观察及护理

目的 介绍应用去甲肾上腺素进行持续腹腔冲洗引流治疗胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘致腹腔出血患者的护理方法.方法 对12例胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘致腹腔出血的患者,应用去甲肾上腺素进行腹腔冲洗引流的治疗及护理.结果 本组12例患者通过去甲肾上腺素持续腹腔冲洗引流的治疗及护理,出血症状逐渐好转并治愈.结论 应用去甲肾上腺素持续腹腔冲洗是一种简单、有效的治疗方法,做好引流管冲洗的护理是治疗胰十二指肠切除术后并发腹腔出血的有效方法.     

止嗽散加减治疗外感咳嗽的疗效观察

目的观察止嗽散加减治疗外感咳嗽的疗效。方法2011年1月至2011年12月符合诊断标准的门诊病例100例，随机分为两组。治疗组采用止嗽散加减治疗，对照组口服枇杷止咳糖浆。结果治疗组总有效率96％，对照组总有效率80％，经统计学处理，两组差异有高度统计意义（P〈O．05）。结论止嗽散加减治疗外感咳嗽疗效显著。     

68例重症手足口病临床观察与护理

目的总结68例重症手足口病临床观察与护理。方法对68例重症手足口病患儿分别观察机械通气和非机械通气神经系统表现，血压、脉搏、呼吸比较。结果机械通气组与非机械通气组相比差异有统计学意义。结论做好手足口病患儿临床观察与护理是抢救治疗成功的必要措施。     

宿迁市社区居民手足口病知识知晓率调查分析

目的了解宿迁市居民手足口病知识知晓率,为制订手足口病防控策略和健康教育宣传提供参考依据。方法对宿迁市金陵名府社区、沭阳县颖都家园社区居民进行整群随机抽样问卷调查,通过Epidata和SPSS16.0软件进行统计学分析。结果手足口病知识总知晓率为55.0%;通过等级回归分析,对总知晓率影响有统计学意义的因素分别为性别、职业、文化程度;被调查居民手足口病预防知识总知晓率为70.7%,40.3%的人反映对手足口病感到恐慌;被调查者获取相关知识的主要途径有电视(76.0%)、报刊书籍(40.3%)、工作者宣传(33.2%)等。结论整体来说,居民对手足口病预防控制知识认识不够,知识知晓率偏低(<60%),人群中存在一定程度的恐慌,应继续重视易感人群防治,并加强、完善社区和学校健康教育体系。